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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stellarwind</span></h1>
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<p><b>Stellarwind</b>, <b>Stellar wind</b> (zu deutsch: <a href="Sternwind" title="Sternwind">Sternwind</a>) oder abgekürzt <b>STLW</b> ist der <a href="Deckname" title="Deckname">Codename</a> für die höchste <a href="Geheimhaltungsgrad" title="Geheimhaltungsgrad">Geheimhaltungsstufe</a> innerhalb der <a href="National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> sowie Codename für einen unter dieser höchsten Geheimhaltungsstufe stehenden Bestandteil des vom <a href="Liste_der_Pr%C3%A4sidenten_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Liste der Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten">US-Präsidenten</a> <a href="George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> genehmigten Überwachungsprogramms President's Surveillance Program (PSP).<sup id="cite_ref-OIG1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OIG1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Snowden_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snowden-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Der Stellarwind-Bestandteil, der durch einen <a href="Leak" title="Leak">Leak</a> von <a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> publik wurde, beschreibt den Umfang, in dem die NSA am PSP teilnimmt, die von der NSA begonnene <a href="Vorratsdatenspeicherung" title="Vorratsdatenspeicherung">Vorratsdatenspeicherung</a> der globalen Internetkommunikation und auch deren <a href="%C3%9Cberwachung" title="Überwachung">Überwachung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Snowden_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snowden-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hintergrundinformationen">Hintergrundinformationen</h2></div>
<p>Das PSP-Programm der <a href="National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (NSA) wurde kurz nach den <a href="Terroranschl%C3%A4ge_am_11._September_2001" title="Terroranschläge am 11. September 2001">Anschlägen vom 11. September 2001</a> genehmigt und 2005 durch <a href="Whistleblower" title="Whistleblower">Whistleblower</a> Thomas Tamm in der <i><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> erstmals erwähnt.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newsweek1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Aktivitäten des PSP-Programms umfassen das <a href="Data-Mining" title="Data-Mining">Data Mining</a> einer großen Datenbank (<a href="Vorratsdatenspeicherung" title="Vorratsdatenspeicherung">Vorratsspeicher</a>) zur <a href="Klassifikation" title="Klassifikation">Klassifikation</a> der Kommunikation amerikanischer Bürger (<a href="E-Mail" title="E-Mail">E-Mail</a>-Verkehr, <a href="Telefongespr%C3%A4ch" title="Telefongespräch">Telefongespräche</a>, <a href="Chat" title="Chat">Chats</a>) sowie von Finanztransaktionen und sonstigen Internetaktivitäten.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Aus einem Bericht US-amerikanischer Generalinspektoren (OIG) der im September 2015 freigegeben wurde, ging hervor, dass Präsident Bush die Erfassung von Telefon- und E-Mail-<a href="Metadaten" title="Metadaten">Metadaten</a> ursprünglich nur dann angeordnet hatte, wenn eine Verbindung zum Terrorismus vermutet wurde. Im Jahr 2004 stellte das <a href="Justizministerium_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Justizministerium der Vereinigten Staaten">US-Justizministerium</a> jedoch fest, dass die NSA ohne Verdachtsmomente jegliche Metadaten der rein inländischen Kommunikation sammelte. Daraufhin widersprach Bush jedoch seiner eigenen Anordnung: so sei die NSA schon immer vollumfänglich dazu legitimiert gewesen. Laut Bush würden <a href="Datenanalyse" title="Datenanalyse">NSA-Analysten</a> jedoch nur verdächtige Metadaten überprüfen. Tatsächlich änderte Bush aber die Anordnung nachträglich im Jahr 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes2015-09-20_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes2015-09-20-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Um das Jahr 2010 gab es innerhalb des US-Justizministeriums Zweifel an der <a href="Rechtm%C3%A4%C3%9Figkeit" title="Rechtmäßigkeit">Rechtmäßigkeit</a> des Programms, da die <a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">US-amerikanischen Geheimdienste</a> durch Stellarwind jederzeit ohne <a href="Beschluss_(Gericht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beschluss (Gericht)">richterliche Beschlüsse</a> Dateneinsicht erhalten, obwohl das <a href="Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act" title="Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act</a> dies nur mit richterlichen Beschlüssen erlaubt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auch der damalige <a href="FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>-Direktor <a href="Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a> stufte das Programm nach einigem Zögern als illegal ein.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Im Juni 2013 <a href="Leak" title="Leak">veröffentlichten</a> die <a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a> und <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> einen von Edward Snowden aus der NSA entwendeten geheimen Berichtsentwurf des OIG vom März 2009, in dem die Sammlung der globalen Internetkommunikation beschrieben wird.<sup id="cite_ref-OIG1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OIG1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes2015-09-20_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes2015-09-20-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Globale_%C3%9Cberwachungs-_und_Spionageaff%C3%A4re" title="Globale Überwachungs- und Spionageaffäre">Globale Überwachungs- und Spionageaffäre</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Edward Snowden: <i><a href="Permanent_Record_(Autobiografie)" title="Permanent Record (Autobiografie)">Permanent Record</a></i>. Pan Books, 2019, ISBN 978-1-5290-3566-7 (englisch).
<ul><li>deutsche Ausgabe: <i>Permanent Record: Meine Geschichte</i>. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2019, ISBN 978-3-10-397482-9.</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jun/27/nsa-inspector-general-report-document-data-collection">NSA inspector general report on email and internet data collection under Stellar Wind – full document</a>, The Guardian, 27. Juni 2013.</li>
<li><a href="Laura_Poitras" title="Laura Poitras">Laura Poitras</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/23/opinion/the-national-security-agencys-domestic-spying-program.html"><i>The Program</i>.</a> Nytimes.com, Op-Docs, 22. August 2012.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-OIG1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OIG1_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OIG1_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:italic">NSA Inspector General report on the President’s Surveillance Program</cite>. 24.&nbsp;März 2009, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>10</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">note 3</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jun/27/nsa-inspector-general-report-document-data-collection">theguardian.com</a> [abgerufen am 21.&nbsp;August 2024]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Stellarwind&amp;rft.btitle=NSA+Inspector+General+report+on+the+President%E2%80%99s+Surveillance+Program&amp;rft.date=2009-03-24&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=10" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Snowden-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Snowden_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Snowden_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Snowden: <cite style="font-style:italic">Permanent Record</cite>. Metropolitan Books, ISBN 978-1-250-75654-1.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Stellarwind&amp;rft.au=Edward+Snowden&amp;rft.btitle=Permanent+Record&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9781250756541&amp;rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><i>Is the FBI Up to the Job 10 Years After 9/11?</i> In: <i>time.com.</i> 28.&nbsp;April 2011, ehemals im <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2067995-2%2C00.html">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar)<span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 21.&nbsp;August 2024</span>.<span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deadurl.invalid/https://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2067995-2,00.html">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2067995-2,00.html">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Toter Link/content.time.com</span> <small>(Seite nicht mehr abrufbar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/list/2010/https://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2067995-2,00.html">Suche in Webarchiven</a>)</small></span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStellarwind&amp;rft.title=Is+the+FBI+Up+to+the+Job+10+Years+After+9%2F11%3F&amp;rft.description=Is+the+FBI+Up+to+the+Job+10+Years+After+9%2F11%3F&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2067995-2%2C00.html&amp;rft.date=2011-04-28">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-newsweek1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-newsweek1_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-newsweek1_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Michael Isikoff: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081215105850/http://www.newsweek.com/id/174601"><i>The Fed Who Blew the Whistle: Is he a hero or a criminal?</i></a> In: <i>Newsweek.</i> 13.&nbsp;Dezember 2008, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F174601">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">15.&nbsp;Dezember 2008</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 18.&nbsp;Februar 2021</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStellarwind&amp;rft.title=The+Fed+Who+Blew+the+Whistle%3A+Is+he+a+hero+or+a+criminal%3F&amp;rft.description=The+Fed+Who+Blew+the+Whistle%3A+Is+he+a+hero+or+a+criminal%3F&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20081215105850%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F174601&amp;rft.creator=Michael+Isikoff&amp;rft.date=2008-12-13&amp;rft.source=http://www.newsweek.com/id/174601">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NYTimes2015-09-20-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes2015-09-20_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes2015-09-20_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlie Savage: <cite style="font-style:italic">George W. Bush Made Retroactive N.S.A. ‘Fix’ After Hospital Room Showdown</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></cite>. 20.&nbsp;September 2015 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/us/politics/george-w-bush-made-retroactive-nsa-fix-after-hospital-room-showdown.html">nytimes.com</a> [abgerufen am 1.&nbsp;November 2019]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Stellarwind&amp;rft.atitle=George+W.+Bush+Made+Retroactive+N.S.A.+%E2%80%98Fix%E2%80%99+After+Hospital+Room+Showdown&amp;rft.au=Charlie+Savage&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2015-09-20&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Daniel Klaidman: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100110001317/http://www.newsweek.com/id/174602"><i>Now We Know What the Battle Was About.</i></a> In: <i>Newsweek.</i> 13.&nbsp;Dezember 2008, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F174602">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">10.&nbsp;Januar 2010</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 18.&nbsp;Februar 2021</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStellarwind&amp;rft.title=Now+We+Know+What+the+Battle+Was+About&amp;rft.description=Now+We+Know+What+the+Battle+Was+About&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100110001317%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F174602&amp;rft.creator=Daniel+Klaidman&amp;rft.date=2008-12-13&amp;rft.source=http://www.newsweek.com/id/174602">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Julian Sanchez: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/07/what-the-ashcroft-hospital-showdown-on-nsa-spying-was-all-about/"><i>What the Ashcroft ‘Hospital Showdown’ on NSA spying was all about.</i></a> 29.&nbsp;Juli 2013,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 29.&nbsp;Juli 2013</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStellarwind&amp;rft.title=What+the+Ashcroft+%E2%80%98Hospital+Showdown%E2%80%99+on+NSA+spying+was+all+about&amp;rft.description=What+the+Ashcroft+%E2%80%98Hospital+Showdown%E2%80%99+on+NSA+spying+was+all+about&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Ftech-policy%2F2013%2F07%2Fwhat-the-ashcroft-hospital-showdown-on-nsa-spying-was-all-about%2F&amp;rft.creator=Julian++Sanchez&amp;rft.date=2013-07-29">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Weiner: <cite style="font-style:italic">FBI. Die wahre Geschichte einer legendären Organisation</cite>. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-596-18837-6, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>552</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Stellarwind&amp;rft.au=Tim+Weiner&amp;rft.btitle=FBI.+Die+wahre+Geschichte+einer+legend%C3%A4ren+Organisation&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783596188376&amp;rft.pages=552&amp;rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&amp;rft.pub=Fischer" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><i>NSA inspector general report on email and internet data collection under Stellar Wind.</i> In: <i>washingtonpost.com.</i> 9.&nbsp;März 2009, ehemals im <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.washingtonpost.com%2Fg%2Fpage%2Fworld%2Fnational-security-agency-inspector-general-draft-report%2F277%2F">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar)<span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 1.&nbsp;August 2013</span> (englisch).<span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deadurl.invalid/https://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/world/national-security-agency-inspector-general-draft-report/277/">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/world/national-security-agency-inspector-general-draft-report/277/">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Toter Link/apps.washingtonpost.com</span> <small>(Seite nicht mehr abrufbar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/list/2010/https://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/world/national-security-agency-inspector-general-draft-report/277/">Suche in Webarchiven</a>)</small></span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStellarwind&amp;rft.title=NSA+inspector+general+report+on+email+and+internet+data+collection+under+Stellar+Wind&amp;rft.description=NSA+inspector+general+report+on+email+and+internet+data+collection+under+Stellar+Wind&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.washingtonpost.com%2Fg%2Fpage%2Fworld%2Fnational-security-agency-inspector-general-draft-report%2F277%2F&amp;rft.date=2009-03-09&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlie Savage: <cite style="font-style:italic">Redactions in U.S. Memo Leave Doubts on Data Surveillance Program</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The New York Times</cite>. 7.&nbsp;September 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>A17</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/07/us/redactions-in-us-memo-leave-doubts-on-data-surveillance-program.html">nytimes.com</a> [abgerufen am 21.&nbsp;August 2024]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Stellarwind&amp;rft.atitle=Redactions+in+U.S.+Memo+Leave+Doubts+on+Data+Surveillance+Program&amp;rft.au=Charlie+Savage&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2014-09-07&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=A17" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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